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Gland
|
Hormone
|
Function
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Anterior Pituitary Gland | Luteinizing hormone | Promotes ovulation and progesterone production in the ovary, testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in the testis.
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| Prolactin | Stimulates milk production and prolongs progesterone secretion following ovulation and during pregnancy in women; increases sensitivity to LH in males.
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| Growth Hormone | Increases protein synthesis breakdown of lipids and release of fatty acids from cells; increases blood glucose.
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| Melanocyte stimulating hormone | increases melanin production in melanocytes to make the skin darker in color
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| Adrenocoriticotropic Hormone | Increases secretion of glucoccorticoid hormones such as cortisol; increases skin pigmentation at high concentrations
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| Thyroid Stimulating hormone | Increases thyroid hormone secretion (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
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| Follicle stimulating hormone | Promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary; sperm cell production in testis
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Posterior Pituitary Gland | Antidiuretic hormone | Increases water reabsorption (less water is lost as urine)
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| Oxytocin | Increases uterine contractions in the uterus AND Increases milk "let-down" from mammary glands
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Thyroid Gland | Thyroid Hormones | Increases metabolic rates, essential for normal process of growth and maturation
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Calcitonin | Decreases rate of bone breakdown; prevents large increase in blood calcium levels
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Parathyroid Gland | Parathyroid Hormone | Increases, rate of bone breakdown by osteoclasts; increases vitamin D synthesis essential for maintenance of normal blood calcium levels
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Adrenal Medula | Epinephrine/some norepinephrine | Increases cardiac output; inreases blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart; increases release of glucose and fatty acids into blood; in general, prepares body for phsycial activity.
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Adrenal Cortex | Mineralcorticoids | Increase rate of sodium transport into body; increase rate of potassium excretion; secondarily favor water retention
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| Glucocorticoids | Increase fat and protein breakdown; increase glucose synthesis from amino acids; increase blood nutrient levels; inhibit inflammation and immune response.
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Pancreas | Insulin | Increases uptake and use of glucose and amino acids
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| Glucagon | Increases breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into the circulatory system
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Testes | Testosterone | Aids in sperm cell production, maintenance of functional reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and sexual behavior
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Ovaries | Estrogens and progesterone | Aid in uterine and mammary gland development an function, external genitalia structure, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behavior, and menstrual cycle
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Uterus, Ovaries, inflammed tissues | Prostaglandins | Mediate inflammatory responses; increase uterine contractions, and ovulation
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Thymus gland | Thymosin | Promotes immunte system development and function
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Pineal Body | Melatonin | Increases melanin production in melanocytes to make the skin darker in color.
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